Fundraising Deep Tech Startups of BHARAT

Most indigenisation-focused startups operate in deep-tech or hardware-heavy domains. These ventures require years of R&D, prototyping  and validation before reaching commercial scale. In contrast, a large portion of Indian venture capital is optimised for:

●     Faster revenue cycles

●     Quick market validation

●     Scalable software-first models

This mismatch creates friction. Investors often hesitate when returns are not visible within a 3–5 year window, while indigenisation startups may need 7 years in certain cases a decade to fully mature.

Building indigenous tech  solutions often means:

●     Setting up physical infrastructure

●     Investing in specialised hardware

●     Running iterative testing cycles

●     Maintaining compliance and certification processes

This leads to significantly higher upfront capital requirements compared to asset-light startups. For many investors, especially early-stage funds, this increases perceived risk. As a result, founders struggle to secure large enough seed rounds to meaningfully progress their technology.

Evaluating indigenisation startups requires domain-specific understanding-whether it's aerospace systems, geospatial pipelines or advanced materials. However

●     Many investors come from SaaS or fintech backgrounds

●     Technical due diligence capabilities are still evolving

●     Risk assessment frameworks are not always suited for deep-tech

This often results in underestimation of the startup’s potential or overestimation of its risks.

Market Validation Challenges  

Unlike consumer products, indigenisation startups often rely on:

●     Government procurement

●     Enterprise contracts

●     Strategic sector adoption

These markets have longer sales cycles and complex onboarding processes. From an investor’s perspective, this creates uncertainty:

●     Revenue pipelines are harder to predict

●     Early traction is slower to demonstrate

●     Customer acquisition doesn’t follow conventional metrics

Dependence on Ecosystem Readiness  

Indigenisation of critical technologies is rarely a standalone effort. Startups depend on:

●     Local supply chains

●     Skilled talent pools

●     Supporting manufacturing ecosystems

In many cases, these ecosystems are still developing. This creates execution risk, which investors factor into funding decisions.

Valuation Disconnect    

Founders developing deep-tech and indigenisation often build highly defensible intellectual property. However, because revenue may be delayed, valuations based on traditional metrics can appear conservative.

This leads to a gap:

●     Founders value long-term strategic importance

●     Investors focus on near-term financial indicators

Bridging this gap becomes a recurring negotiation challenge.

Exit Path Uncertainty 

Investors ultimately look for clear exit opportunities-IPOs, acquisitions, or secondary sales. For deep tech startups:

●     Strategic acquisitions are still limited

●     Public markets are cautious about early-stage deep-tech

●     Global buyers may take longer to engage

This uncertainty affects investor appetite, especially in early funding rounds.

Talent and Execution Constraints 

Building indigenous technology requires multidisciplinary teams-hardware, software, domain experts and regulatory specialists. However:

●     Such talent is limited and expensive

●     Teams take longer to assemble and stabilise

●     Execution timelines expand accordingly

This adds another layer of complexity to investor confidence.

Moving Forward

Despite these bottlenecks, the trajectory is shifting. There is increasing recognition that owning the levers of deep tech in “SOVEREIGN CONTROL” is not just a policy objective but a strategic necessity for long-term economic resilience. Department of Science & Technology (DST) has launched the Research, Development, and Innovation (RDI) Scheme, approved by the Union Cabinet on July 1, 2025. With a total outlay of ₹1 lakh crore, this transformative initiative aims to catalyse private sector participation in high-impact R&D. It aims to strengthen Bharat’s capabilities in strategic technologies and promote technological self-reliance, aligning with the nation’s long-term innovation and Atmanirbhar Bharat vision. Implementation Structure

●        Special Purpose Fund (SPF): Set up under the Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF) to serve as the first-level custodian

●        Second-Level Fund Managers (SLFMs): May include Alternate Investment Funds (AIFs), Development Finance Institutions (DFIs), Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs), or Focused Research Organizations (FROs) such as the Technology Development Board (TDB), Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC), IIT Research Parks, or similar entities

For startups, success often comes from:

●     Aligning with mission-driven capital

●     Leveraging grants and blended financing

●     Building early credibility through pilot deployments

●     Communicating long-term value clearly to investors

Fundraising in this space is undoubtedly harder, but for those who persist, the opportunity is equally significant. These startups are not just building companies; they are building capabilities that can redefine BHARAT’S  TECHNOLOGICAL SOVEREIGNITY. We need one DISRUPTOR like ELON MUSK to show the way & for the FLOODGATES to open.

Note : It would be great if we could have feedback on the implementation of this system or any recommendations in respect of other schemes as regards the start ups operating in the Defence Domain or those building dual use technologies which can be used in the Defence Domain including SPACE. Feedback may be forwarded to [email protected]